The premiere text on game formalism is not a defense made by an ardent supporter, but rather an attempt to refute it, written by Frege, where he lays into Heine and Thomae. Philosophers of mathematics claim that the position is still held by mathematicians, however, formalism in the sense that Frege set out to dispute, should be distinguished from what some argue is the more refined formalism of Hilbert, and his program.