Physics Lournal

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4. Cracks in the Foundations

Despite the fact that the Standard Model is the most successful description of reality we've generated, physicists don't like it because it doesn't conform to their notions of aesthetic mathematical beauty.

Many of these disagreements are Naturalness arguments, and of course, fine-tuning.

One of the more major classes of numbers are parameters for which there are no explanation.

For instance, all three Neutrinos have a combined mass that's slightly less than an inversion of the eVeV mass of the Higgs ( 1.25×1011eV1.25 × 10^{11} eV), at 10−1110^{-11}.

Also, Fermions come in three generations of similar particles, with increasingly higher masses.

What's bizarre about this is that the generations have masses that differ by a factor of ~10.

There's also the hang-up around mixing matrices: while in transit, particles actually "transform" into other particles, and there seems to be no true rhyme or reason in why the particles that do exhibit this behavior, do so, at the frequencies that they do (or don't).

CP Symmetry

This symmetry focuses on changing the charge of a given particle to its opposite, and thus changing the particle into its mirror image- however, this results in a change inside of the Weak Force, and it no longer obeys symmetry. QED can't violate this symmetry, whereas the Strong Force can, but doesn't for some unknown reason.

This violation is represented by the θ\theta symbol.

There are also issues with bringing the The Concordance Model in line with The Standard Model.

A main issue is the fact that General Relativity is a system based on Classical Mechanics, yet Quantum Mechanics puts us in a situation where we have to ask, from where does a particle, that can be in two places at once, attain its gravity? The answer to this question is often called a Theory of Everything.

Gauge Theory

The Diphoton Anomaly is the result of a 2015 announcement of LHC results, where a decay event leaves behind two photons.

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**4. Cracks in the Foundations**