Physics Lournal

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βˆ€\forall is read as "For all".

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Quantum Information Theory

An inner product on a vector space (defined over the field of complex numbers), is a function that relates a pair of vectors ∣u⟩,∣v⟩∈V|u\rangle, |v\rangle \in V with a complex number ⟨u∣v⟩\langle u|v\rangle, such that the following axioms are satisfied: